Dominica

Dominica adopted this flag on 3 November 1978. It was designed by Alwin Bully. According to the cited sources, the green field symbolizes the island’s lush vegetation, the yellow, black, and white cross represents the Christian Trinity and also stands for the original inhabitants, fertile soil, and pure water, the red disc signifies justice, the Sisserou parrot represents Dominica’s endemic national bird, and the ten stars denote the country’s ten parishes. Sources also note later modifications in 1981, 1988, and 1990, including the parrot’s orientation, the stars’ color and arrangement, and refinement of the parrot design.