Portugal (official)

Portugal’s national flag was officially adopted on 30 June 1911 after the October 1910 revolution. Its design is a 2:3 rectangle with green at the hoist occupying two-fifths of the length and red at the fly occupying three-fifths, with the lesser coat of arms centered on the division. The golden armillary sphere represents the navigational instrument associated with the Age of Discoveries, while the shield contains five blue escutcheons with white dots symbolizing the five wounds of Christ and seven golden castles commemorating the victories of King Afonso III in the 13th century. Green became associated with hope and with the republicans of 1910, while red symbolizes the blood shed in defense of the nation.