Maryland

Derived from the 17th‑century arms of Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore, the flag quarters the Calvert family gold‑and‑black with the Crossland red‑and‑white. After the U.S. Civil War, the Calvert colors became associated with Union loyalty and the Crossland cross with Confederate sympathizers; uniting them symbolized reconciliation. The design appeared in the 1880s and was officially adopted by the Maryland General Assembly on March 9, 1904, in a 2:3 proportion. It is one of only four U.S. state flags without blue and ranked fourth in NAVA’s survey of U.S. and Canadian flags.